A new ethnic unity law has come into effect in China despite warnings from Taiwan, the United Nations and rights groups that it could threaten freedoms, especially for minorities. The Law on Promoting Ethnic Unity and Progress aims to forge a shared national identity among ethnic groups, for example by strengthening the status of Mandarin as the official language. But overseas campaigners have argued it will further degrade the rights of ethnic minorities, such as Uyghurs and Tibetans, that Beijing is accused of persecuting.
Critics also point to a clause stating that people can be held liable for violating the law even when outside China, saying it gives the Chinese government more justification for targeting its opponents abroad. Amnesty International deputy regional director Sarah Brooks said the law would require political and ideological alignment with the Chinese Communist party and further institutionalise policies of forced assimilation. Chinese authorities have human rights obligations requiring them to protect minority communities and their cultures, but this law does the opposite, Brooks said.
Amnesty has warned the legislation is pushing ethnic groups to adopt a single, state-defined national identity dominated by Han Chinese culture, referring to the nation’s ethnic majority. Beijing consistently denies that it engages in rights abuses against any ethnic group and maintains that they all benefit from its policies of internal security and economic development. Taiwan expressed strong condemnation of the law on Wednesday, the day the legislation came into effect, saying it expanded threats and intimidation against the people of our country and other nations.
In Washington, nine US lawmakers – including the top Republican and top Democrat on the Senate foreign relations committee – voiced stern opposition to the law, and pledged to keep speaking out against Beijing’s bid to legitimise its transnational repression. The law formalises longstanding policies to promote Mandarin as the language of education, official business and public spaces, and also contains provisions on social cohesion and preventing terrorism and separatism. Several ethnic groups in China, particularly in its border regions, have their own languages, and have historically been permitted to use them alongside Mandarin in schools.
Beijing has also justified sweeping campaigns in areas with large minority populations as legitimate efforts to prevent the spread of terrorism and extremism. UN rights chief Volker Turk has called for the law to be repealed, saying it risks deepening restrictions on freedoms of language, education, practice of religion, culture, expression and assembly. Uyghur and Tibetan advocates have urged countries to push China to strike it down, saying it aims to erase minority communities.
Taiwan’s Mainland Affairs Council (MAC) said Taiwanese people already faced high risks travelling to China and warned Beijing now had yet another law to fabricate charges.
